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Introduction to SQL Users

In SQL Server a database user can be created either by using Transact-SQL or using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS). Different types of users can be created in SQL but before understanding the types of users let us first understand the user creation flow. Following is the flow for login to the creation of the user and assigning permission.

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Typical SQL Users workflow

Below is the workflow of SQL User:

1. Creating Login

Step 3: This creates the login

The same result can be achieved using the following T-SQL command:

CREATE LOGIN MyLogin WITH PASSWORD = 'abc'; 2. Creating User

Step 1: To create a user first go the database folder in the object explorer and identify the database for which you have to create the user. In the security folder, there is an option to create a user.

Step 2: Then you will get the following screen in which set the user name and select the login which we have just created as we are creating user of type SQL user with login.

USE [AdventureWorks2023] GO CREATE USER [test1] FOR LOGIN [MyLogin] GO

We can see that the user is created and if not visible then refresh the Users folder.

3. Assigning permissions to User

Step 2: Then we select all objects belonging to the schema and the schema which we select is dbo. We have selected dbo(database owner) since it has permissions to perform all activities of the database.

Step 3: Now select a table and in explicit permissions, we give Grant to select.

Same can be achieved using the following T-SQL query

use [AdventureWorks2023] GO GRANT SELECTON [dbo].[sysdiagrams] TO [test1] GO Types of Users

There are 3 main types of users

Mapped users are users which are created based on a SQL Server Login

Unmapped users are users which are created without a SQL Server Login

Contained users are users that are created without a SQL Server Login, but both the username and password are stored within the database.

Now let’s create the users

SQL User with login

We have seen this type in user creation flow

SQL User without login

1. CREATE USER (Transact-SQL)

In this type of user, we do not provide any login information and just give the user name and can select the default schema.

Same can be achieved using the following T-SQL query

USE [AdventureWorks2023] GO CREATE USER [test2] WITHOUT LOGIN GO

Explanation: Login based users are created if the person who is making a connection cannot authenticate with windows who are generally persons outside of the organization e.g. Customer who is connecting to your server. For people inside your organization, the windows authentication is a better choice as they will not have to remember an additional password and it also offers a feature of Kerberos.

2. Contained user

A contained user is not associated with login in the master database. This makes the database portable and this is a good choice if you want to move the database between the instances of SQL Server. To create this type of user the admin must enable the use of the contained database for SQL Server and the database should be first enabled for containment.

To enable containment, go to server properties and set Enable Contained Databases to True.

Next, select the properties of your selected database go-to options section and set containment type to partial

Now let us create a new user using SQL user with password and we have the option to add default language and select default schema.

Same can be achieved using the following T-SQL query

USE [AdventureWorks2023] GO CREATE USER [test3] WITH PASSWORD = N'Password1', DEFAULT_SCHEMA = [dbo] GO General options while adding user

Depending on the user type selected the options may change and some options have a default value so it can be left blank.

Password and Confirm password –They are used for contained databases where you have to enter a password for the user to authenticate.

Default language – Select the default language for the user.

Conclusion

So, in this article we have looked at the user creation workflow in SQL server database along with that we have also seen at the types of user which we can create in SQL server management studio as well in T-SQL queries.